Force and torque model sensitivity and coarse graining for bedload-dominated sediment transport

We present results from Euler–Lagrange simulations of turbulent flow over an erodible monodisperse bed particles at a shear Reynolds number Reτ=180. The Galileo Ga and the ratio Shields to critical Θ/θcr were varied in range 11.4 29.8 1.32 5.98, respectively. Two drag force models investigated along with influence lift, particle rotation, tangential collision forces for each model. Both give similar as far mean flux stress are concerned, however we find that excluding without ignoring associated collisional force, significantly reduces little on stress. On other hand, when both rotation not taken into account, is practically unchanged, but excess slightly increases compared case where effects considered. also lift substantially flux. Additionally, show importance spatial coarse graining time averaging Euler–Euler quantify reduction scatter space dependent variables such sediment flux, stress, surface fluid velocities.